AI systems make mistakes. They reflect biases from their training data. Their decision-making processes are often opaque. Understanding these limitations helps you use AI responsibly and recognise when human judgment is essential.

Understanding how AI processes language will change how you work with these tools. Two concepts shape every AI interaction. Tokens determine how the system reads your input. Randomness affects how it responds.

Large Language Models are AI systems trained on vast amounts of text. They learn patterns in how language works by processing trillions of words from books, articles, websites, and conversations. This training enables them to generate human-like responses to your questions and prompts.

Imagine talking to someone who speaks every language but understands none of them. That's Natural Language Processing. This technology bridges human communication and machine understanding. It turns our messy, context-rich language into something machines can process.